Rechercher dans le manuel MySQL

12.16.12 Spatial Convenience Functions

Inhoudsopgave

The functions in this section provide convenience operations on geometry values.

Unless otherwise specified, functions in this section handle their arguments as follows:

  • If any argument is NULL, the return value is NULL.

  • If any geometry argument is not a syntactically well-formed geometry, an ER_GIS_INVALID_DATA error occurs.

  • If any geometry argument has an SRID value that refers to an undefined spatial reference system (SRS), an ER_SRS_NOT_FOUND error occurs.

  • For functions that take multiple geometry arguments, if those arguments do not have the same SRID, an ER_GIS_DIFFERENT_SRIDS error occurs.

  • Otherwise, the return value is non-NULL.

These convenience functions are available:

  • ST_Distance_Sphere(g1, g2 [, radius])

    Returns the mimimum spherical distance between Point or MultiPoint arguments on a sphere, in meters. (For general-purpose distance calculations, see the ST_Distance() function.) The optional radius argument should be given in meters.

    If both geometry parameters are valid Cartesian Point or MultiPoint values in SRID 0, the return value is shortest distance between the two geometries on a sphere with the provided radius. If omitted, the default radius is 6,370,986 meters, Point X and Y coordinates are interpreted as longitude and latitude, respectively, in degrees.

    If both geometry parameters are valid Point or MultiPoint values in a geographic spatial reference system (SRS), the return value is the shortest distance between the two geometries on a sphere with the provided radius. If omitted, the default radius is equal to the mean radius, defined as (2a+b)/3, where a is the semi-major axis and b is the semi-minor axis of the SRS.

    ST_Distance_Sphere() handles its arguments as described in the introduction to this section, with these exceptions:

    • Supported geometry argument combinations are Point and Point, or Point and MultiPoint (in any argument order). If at least one of the geometries is neither Point nor MultiPoint, and its SRID is 0, an ER_NOT_IMPLEMENTED_FOR_CARTESIAN_SRS error occurs. If at least one of the geometries is neither Point nor MultiPoint, and its SRID refers to a geographic SRS, an ER_NOT_IMPLEMENTED_FOR_GEOGRAPHIC_SRS error occurs. If any geometry refers to a projected SRS, an ER_NOT_IMPLEMENTED_FOR_PROJECTED_SRS error occurs.

    • If any argument has a longitude or latitude that is out of range, an error occurs:

      Ranges shown are in degrees. If an SRS uses another unit, the range uses the corresponding values in its unit. The exact range limits deviate slightly due to floating-point arithmetic.

    • If the radius argument is present but not positive, an ER_NONPOSITIVE_RADIUS error occurs.

    • If the distance exceeds the range of a double-precision number, an ER_STD_OVERFLOW_ERROR error occurs.

    1. mysql> SET @pt1 = ST_GeomFromText('POINT(0 0)');
    2. mysql> SET @pt2 = ST_GeomFromText('POINT(180 0)');
    3. mysql> SELECT ST_Distance_Sphere(@pt1, @pt2);
    4. +--------------------------------+
    5. | ST_Distance_Sphere(@pt1, @pt2) |
    6. +--------------------------------+
    7. |             20015042.813723423 |
    8. +--------------------------------+

  • ST_IsValid(g)

    Returns 1 if the argument is geometrically valid, 0 if the argument is not geometrically valid. Geometry validity is defined by the OGC specification.

    The only valid empty geometry is represented in the form of an empty geometry collection value. ST_IsValid() returns 1 in this case. MySQL does not support GIS EMPTY values such as POINT EMPTY.

    ST_IsValid() handles its arguments as described in the introduction to this section, with this exception:

    • If the geometry has a geographic SRS with a longitude or latitude that is out of range, an error occurs:

      Ranges shown are in degrees. If an SRS uses another unit, the range uses the corresponding values in its unit. The exact range limits deviate slightly due to floating-point arithmetic.

    1. mysql> SET @ls1 = ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(0 0,-0.00 0,0.0 0)');
    2. mysql> SET @ls2 = ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(0 0, 1 1)');
    3. mysql> SELECT ST_IsValid(@ls1);
    4. +------------------+
    5. | ST_IsValid(@ls1) |
    6. +------------------+
    7. |                0 |
    8. +------------------+
    9. mysql> SELECT ST_IsValid(@ls2);
    10. +------------------+
    11. | ST_IsValid(@ls2) |
    12. +------------------+
    13. |                1 |
    14. +------------------+

  • ST_MakeEnvelope(pt1, pt2)

    Returns the rectangle that forms the envelope around two points, as a Point, LineString, or Polygon.

    Calculations are done using the Cartesian coordinate system rather than on a sphere, spheroid, or on earth.

    Given two points pt1 and pt2, ST_MakeEnvelope() creates the result geometry on an abstract plane like this:

    • If pt1 and pt2 are equal, the result is the point pt1.

    • Otherwise, if (pt1, pt2) is a vertical or horizontal line segment, the result is the line segment (pt1, pt2).

    • Otherwise, the result is a polygon using pt1 and pt2 as diagonal points.

    The result geometry has an SRID of 0.

    ST_MakeEnvelope() handles its arguments as described in the introduction to this section, with these exceptions:

    1. mysql> SET @pt1 = ST_GeomFromText('POINT(0 0)');
    2. mysql> SET @pt2 = ST_GeomFromText('POINT(1 1)');
    3. mysql> SELECT ST_AsText(ST_MakeEnvelope(@pt1, @pt2));
    4. +----------------------------------------+
    5. | ST_AsText(ST_MakeEnvelope(@pt1, @pt2)) |
    6. +----------------------------------------+
    7. | POLYGON((0 0,1 0,1 1,0 1,0 0))         |
    8. +----------------------------------------+

  • ST_Simplify(g, max_distance)

    Simplifies a geometry using the Douglas-Peucker algorithm and returns a simplified value of the same type.

    The geometry may be any geometry type, although the Douglas-Peucker algorithm may not actually process every type. A geometry collection is processed by giving its components one by one to the simplification algorithm, and the returned geometries are put into a geometry collection as result.

    The max_distance argument is the distance (in units of the input coordinates) of a vertex to other segments to be removed. Vertices within this distance of the simplified linestring are removed.

    According to Boost.Geometry, geometries might become invalid as a result of the simplification process, and the process might create self-intersections. To check the validity of the result, pass it to ST_IsValid().

    ST_Simplify() handles its arguments as described in the introduction to this section, with this exception:

    • If the max_distance argument is not positive, or is NaN, an ER_WRONG_ARGUMENTS error occurs.

    1. mysql> SET @g = ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(0 0,0 1,1 1,1 2,2 2,2 3,3 3)');
    2. mysql> SELECT ST_AsText(ST_Simplify(@g, 0.5));
    3. +---------------------------------+
    4. | ST_AsText(ST_Simplify(@g, 0.5)) |
    5. +---------------------------------+
    6. | LINESTRING(0 0,0 1,1 1,2 3,3 3) |
    7. +---------------------------------+
    8. mysql> SELECT ST_AsText(ST_Simplify(@g, 1.0));
    9. +---------------------------------+
    10. | ST_AsText(ST_Simplify(@g, 1.0)) |
    11. +---------------------------------+
    12. | LINESTRING(0 0,3 3)             |
    13. +---------------------------------+

  • ST_Validate(g)

    Validates a geometry according to the OGC specification. A geometry can be syntactically well-formed (WKB value plus SRID) but geometrically invalid. For example, this polygon is geometrically invalid: POLYGON((0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0))

    ST_Validate() returns the geometry if it is syntactically well-formed and is geometrically valid, NULL if the argument is not syntactically well-formed or is not geometrically valid or is NULL.

    ST_Validate() can be used to filter out invalid geometry data, although at a cost. For applications that require more precise results not tainted by invalid data, this penalty may be worthwhile.

    If the geometry argument is valid, it is returned as is, except that if an input Polygon or MultiPolygon has clockwise rings, those rings are reversed before checking for validity. If the geometry is valid, the value with the reversed rings is returned.

    The only valid empty geometry is represented in the form of an empty geometry collection value. ST_Validate() returns it directly without further checks in this case.

    As of MySQL 8.0.13, ST_Validate() handles its arguments as described in the introduction to this section, with these exceptions:

    • If the geometry has a geographic SRS with a longitude or latitude that is out of range, an error occurs:

      Ranges shown are in degrees. The exact range limits deviate slightly due to floating-point arithmetic.

    Prior to MySQL 8.0.13, ST_Validate() handles its arguments as described in the introduction to this section, with these exceptions:

    1. mysql> SET @ls1 = ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(0 0)');
    2. mysql> SET @ls2 = ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(0 0, 1 1)');
    3. mysql> SELECT ST_AsText(ST_Validate(@ls1));
    4. +------------------------------+
    5. | ST_AsText(ST_Validate(@ls1)) |
    6. +------------------------------+
    7. | NULL                         |
    8. +------------------------------+
    9. mysql> SELECT ST_AsText(ST_Validate(@ls2));
    10. +------------------------------+
    11. | ST_AsText(ST_Validate(@ls2)) |
    12. +------------------------------+
    13. | LINESTRING(0 0,1 1)          |
    14. +------------------------------+

Zoek in de MySQL-handleiding

Nederlandse vertaling

U hebt gevraagd om deze site in het Nederlands te bezoeken. Voor nu wordt alleen de interface vertaald, maar nog niet alle inhoud.

Als je me wilt helpen met vertalingen, is je bijdrage welkom. Het enige dat u hoeft te doen, is u op de site registreren en mij een bericht sturen waarin u wordt gevraagd om u toe te voegen aan de groep vertalers, zodat u de gewenste pagina's kunt vertalen. Een link onderaan elke vertaalde pagina geeft aan dat u de vertaler bent en heeft een link naar uw profiel.

Bij voorbaat dank.

Document heeft de 26/06/2006 gemaakt, de laatste keer de 26/10/2018 gewijzigd
Bron van het afgedrukte document:https://www.gaudry.be/nl/mysql-rf-spatial-convenience-functions.html

De infobrol is een persoonlijke site waarvan de inhoud uitsluitend mijn verantwoordelijkheid is. De tekst is beschikbaar onder CreativeCommons-licentie (BY-NC-SA). Meer info op de gebruiksvoorwaarden en de auteur.

Referenties

  1. Bekijk - html-document Taal van het document:en Manuel MySQL : https://dev.mysql.com/

Deze verwijzingen en links verwijzen naar documenten die geraadpleegd zijn tijdens het schrijven van deze pagina, of die aanvullende informatie kunnen geven, maar de auteurs van deze bronnen kunnen niet verantwoordelijk worden gehouden voor de inhoud van deze pagina.
De auteur Deze site is als enige verantwoordelijk voor de manier waarop de verschillende concepten, en de vrijheden die met de referentiewerken worden genomen, hier worden gepresenteerd. Vergeet niet dat u meerdere broninformatie moet doorgeven om het risico op fouten te verkleinen.

Inhoudsopgave Haut