15.6.5 Redo Log

To change the number or the size of redo log files, perform the following steps:

If InnoDB detects that the innodb_log_file_size differs from the redo log file size, it writes a log checkpoint, closes and removes the old log files, creates new log files at the requested size, and opens the new log files.

InnoDB, like any other ACID-compliant database engine, flushes the redo log of a transaction before it is committed. InnoDB uses group commit functionality to group multiple such flush requests together to avoid one flush for each commit. With group commit, InnoDB issues a single write to the log file to perform the commit action for multiple user transactions that commit at about the same time, significantly improving throughput.

For more information about performance of COMMIT and other transactional operations, see Section 8.5.2, “Optimizing InnoDB Transaction Management”.

Backup utilities that copy redo log records may sometimes fail to keep pace with redo log generation while a backup operation is in progress, resulting in lost redo log records due to those records being overwritten. This issue most often occurs when there is significant MySQL server activity during the backup operation, and the redo log file storage media operates at a faster speed than the backup storage media. The redo log archiving feature, introduced in MySQL 8.0.17, addresses this issue by sequentially writing redo log records to an archive file in addition to the redo log files. Backup utilities can copy redo log records from the archive file as necessary, thereby avoiding the potential loss of data.

If redo log archiving is configured on the server, MySQL Enterprise Backup, available with the MySQL Enterprise Edition, uses the redo log archiving feature when backing up a MySQL server.

Enabling redo log archiving on the server requires setting a value for the innodb_redo_log_archive_dirs system variable. The value is specified as a semicolon-separated list of labeled redo log archive directories. The label:directory pair is separated by a colon (:). For example:

The label is an arbitrary identifier for the archive directory. It can be any string of characters, with the exception of colons (:), which are not permitted. An empty label is also permitted, but the colon (:) is still required in this case. A directory_path must be specified. The directory that is selected for the redo log archive file must exist when redo log archiving is activated, or an error is returned. The path can contain colons (':'), but semicolons (;) are not permitted.

The innodb_redo_log_archive_dirs variable must be configured before the redo log archiving can be activated. The default value is NULL, which does not permit activating redo log archiving.

When a backup utility that supports redo log archiving initiates a backup, the backup utility activates redo log archiving by invoking the innodb_redo_log_archive_start() user-defined function.

If you are not using a backup utility that supports redo log archiving, redo log archiving can also be activated manually, as shown:

Or:

where label is a label defined by innodb_redo_log_archive_dirs; subdir is an optional argument for specifying a subdirectory of the directory identified by label for saving the archive file; it must be a simple directory name (no slash (/), backslash (\), or colon (:) is permitted). subdir can be empty, null, or it can be left out.

Only users with the INNODB_REDO_LOG_ARCHIVE privilege can activate redo log archiving by invoking innodb_redo_log_archive_start(), or deactivate it using innodb_redo_log_archive_stop(). The MySQL user running the backup utility or the MySQL user activating and deactivating redo log archiving manually must have this privilege.

The redo log archive file path is directory_identified_by_label/[subdir/]archive.serverUUID.000001.log, where directory_identified_by_label is the archive directory identified by the label argument for innodb_redo_log_archive_start(). subdir is the optional argument used for innodb_redo_log_archive_start().

For example, the full path and name for a redo log archive file appears similar to the following:

/directory_path/subdirectory/archive.e71a47dc-61f8-11e9-a3cb-080027154b4d.000001.log

After the backup utility finishes copying InnoDB data files, it deactivates redo log archiving by calling the innodb_redo_log_archive_stop() user-defined function.

If you are not using a backup utility that supports redo log archiving, redo log archiving can also be deactivated manually, as shown:

Or:

After the stop function completes successfully, the backup utility looks for the relevant section of redo log data from the archive file and copies it into the backup.

After the backup utility finishes copying the redo log data and no longer needs the redo log archive file, it deletes the archive file.

Removal of the archive file is the responsibility of the backup utility in normal situations. However, if the redo log archiving operation quits unexpectedly before innodb_redo_log_archive_stop() is called, the MySQL server removes the file.

Inhoudsopgave Haut

Performance Considerations

Activating redo log archiving typically has a minor performance cost due to the additional write activity.

On Unix and Unix-like operating systems, the performance impact is typically minor, assuming there is not a sustained high rate of updates. On Windows, the performance impact is typically a bit higher, assuming the same.

If there is a sustained high rate of updates and the redo log archive file is on the same storage media as the redo log files, the performance impact may be more significant due to compounded write activity.

If there is a sustained high rate of updates and the redo log archive file is on slower storage media than the redo log files, performance is impacted arbitrarily.

Writing to the redo log archive file does not impede normal transactional logging except in the case that the redo log archive file storage media operates at a much slower rate than the redo log file storage media, and there is a large backlog of persisted redo log blocks waiting to be written to the redo log archive file. In this case, the transactional logging rate is reduced to a level that can be managed by the slower storage media where the redo log archive file resides.