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25.29 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES Table

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The TABLES table provides information about tables in databases.

Columns in TABLES that represent table statistics hold cached values. The information_schema_stats_expiry system variable defines the period of time before cached table statistics expire. The default is 86400 seconds (24 hours). If there are no cached statistics or statistics have expired, statistics are retrieved from storage engines when querying table statistics columns. To update cached values at any time for a given table, use ANALYZE TABLE. To always retrieve the latest statistics directly from storage engines, set information_schema_stats_expiry to 0. For more information, see Section 8.2.3, “Optimizing INFORMATION_SCHEMA Queries”.

Note

If the innodb_read_only system variable is enabled, ANALYZE TABLE may fail because it cannot update statistics tables in the data dictionary, which use InnoDB. For ANALYZE TABLE operations that update the key distribution, failure may occur even if the operation updates the table itself (for example, if it is a MyISAM table). To obtain the updated distribution statistics, set information_schema_stats_expiry=0.

The TABLES table has these columns:

  • TABLE_CATALOG

    The name of the catalog to which the table belongs. This value is always def.

  • TABLE_SCHEMA

    The name of the schema (database) to which the table belongs.

  • TABLE_NAME

    The name of the table.

  • TABLE_TYPE

    BASE TABLE for a table, VIEW for a view, or SYSTEM VIEW for an INFORMATION_SCHEMA table.

    The TABLES table does not list TEMPORARY tables.

  • ENGINE

    The storage engine for the table. See Chapter 15, The InnoDB Storage Engine, and Chapter 16, Alternative Storage Engines.

    For partitioned tables, ENGINE shows the name of the storage engine used by all partitions.

  • VERSION

    This column is unused. With the removal of .frm files in MySQL 8.0, this column now reports a hardcoded value of 10, which is the last .frm file version used in MySQL 5.7.

  • ROW_FORMAT

    The row-storage format (Fixed, Dynamic, Compressed, Redundant, Compact). For MyISAM tables, Dynamic corresponds to what myisamchk -dvv reports as Packed.

  • TABLE_ROWS

    The number of rows. Some storage engines, such as MyISAM, store the exact count. For other storage engines, such as InnoDB, this value is an approximation, and may vary from the actual value by as much as 40% to 50%. In such cases, use SELECT COUNT(*) to obtain an accurate count.

    TABLE_ROWS is NULL for INFORMATION_SCHEMA tables.

    For InnoDB tables, the row count is only a rough estimate used in SQL optimization. (This is also true if the InnoDB table is partitioned.)

  • AVG_ROW_LENGTH

    The average row length.

  • DATA_LENGTH

    For MyISAM, DATA_LENGTH is the length of the data file, in bytes.

    For InnoDB, DATA_LENGTH is the approximate amount of memory allocated for the clustered index, in bytes. Specifically, it is the clustered index size, in pages, multiplied by the InnoDB page size.

    Refer to the notes at the end of this section for information regarding other storage engines.

  • MAX_DATA_LENGTH

    For MyISAM, MAX_DATA_LENGTH is maximum length of the data file. This is the total number of bytes of data that can be stored in the table, given the data pointer size used.

    Unused for InnoDB.

    Refer to the notes at the end of this section for information regarding other storage engines.

  • INDEX_LENGTH

    For MyISAM, INDEX_LENGTH is the length of the index file, in bytes.

    For InnoDB, INDEX_LENGTH is the approximate amount of memory allocated for non-clustered indexes, in bytes. Specifically, it is the sum of non-clustered index sizes, in pages, multiplied by the InnoDB page size.

    Refer to the notes at the end of this section for information regarding other storage engines.

  • DATA_FREE

    The number of allocated but unused bytes.

    InnoDB tables report the free space of the tablespace to which the table belongs. For a table located in the shared tablespace, this is the free space of the shared tablespace. If you are using multiple tablespaces and the table has its own tablespace, the free space is for only that table. Free space means the number of bytes in completely free extents minus a safety margin. Even if free space displays as 0, it may be possible to insert rows as long as new extents need not be allocated.

    For NDB Cluster, DATA_FREE shows the space allocated on disk for, but not used by, a Disk Data table or fragment on disk. (In-memory data resource usage is reported by the DATA_LENGTH column.)

    For partitioned tables, this value is only an estimate and may not be absolutely correct. A more accurate method of obtaining this information in such cases is to query the INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARTITIONS table, as shown in this example:

    1. SELECT SUM(DATA_FREE)
    2.     FROM  INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARTITIONS
    3.     WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'mydb'
    4.     AND   TABLE_NAME   = 'mytable';

    For more information, see Section 25.16, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARTITIONS Table”.

  • AUTO_INCREMENT

    The next AUTO_INCREMENT value.

  • CREATE_TIME

    When the table was created.

  • UPDATE_TIME

    When the data file was last updated. For some storage engines, this value is NULL. For example, InnoDB stores multiple tables in its system tablespace and the data file timestamp does not apply. Even with file-per-table mode with each InnoDB table in a separate .ibd file, change buffering can delay the write to the data file, so the file modification time is different from the time of the last insert, update, or delete. For MyISAM, the data file timestamp is used; however, on Windows the timestamp is not updated by updates, so the value is inaccurate.

    UPDATE_TIME displays a timestamp value for the last UPDATE, INSERT, or DELETE performed on InnoDB tables that are not partitioned. For MVCC, the timestamp value reflects the COMMIT time, which is considered the last update time. Timestamps are not persisted when the server is restarted or when the table is evicted from the InnoDB data dictionary cache.

  • CHECK_TIME

    When the table was last checked. Not all storage engines update this time, in which case, the value is always NULL.

    For partitioned InnoDB tables, CHECK_TIME is always NULL.

  • TABLE_COLLATION

    The table default collation. The output does not explicitly list the table default character set, but the collation name begins with the character set name.

  • CHECKSUM

    The live checksum value, if any.

  • CREATE_OPTIONS

    Extra options used with CREATE TABLE. The original options specified when CREATE TABLE was executed are retained. The information reported may differ from current table settings and options.

    For InnoDB tables, the actual ROW_FORMAT and KEY_BLOCK_SIZE options are shown. Prior to MySQL 8.0, CREATE_OPTIONS shows the originally supplied ROW_FORMAT and KEY_BLOCK_SIZE. For more information, see Section 13.1.20, “CREATE TABLE Syntax”.

    CREATE_OPTIONS shows partitioned if the table is partitioned. It also shows the ENCRYPTION option if it was used when creating or altering a file-per-table tablespace. The CREATE_OPTIONS column does not show the encryption option specified when creating or altering a general tablespace. To identify encrypted file-per-table and general tablespaces, query the INNODB_TABLESPACES ENCRYPTION column.

  • TABLE_COMMENT

    The comment used when creating the table (or information as to why MySQL could not access the table information).

Notes

  • For NDB tables, the output of this statement shows appropriate values for the AVG_ROW_LENGTH and DATA_LENGTH columns, with the exception that BLOB columns are not taken into account.

  • For NDB tables, DATA_LENGTH includes data stored in main memory only; the MAX_DATA_LENGTH and DATA_FREE columns apply to Disk Data.

  • For NDB Cluster Disk Data tables, MAX_DATA_LENGTH shows the space allocated for the disk part of a Disk Data table or fragment. (In-memory data resource usage is reported by the DATA_LENGTH column.)

  • For MEMORY tables, the DATA_LENGTH, MAX_DATA_LENGTH, and INDEX_LENGTH values approximate the actual amount of allocated memory. The allocation algorithm reserves memory in large amounts to reduce the number of allocation operations.

  • For views, most TABLES columns are 0 or NULL except that TABLE_NAME indicates the view name, CREATE_TIME indicates the creation time, and TABLE_COMMENT says VIEW.

Table information is also available from the SHOW TABLE STATUS and SHOW TABLES statements. See Section 13.7.6.36, “SHOW TABLE STATUS Syntax”, and Section 13.7.6.37, “SHOW TABLES Syntax”. The following statements are equivalent:

  1. SELECT
  2.     TABLE_NAME, ENGINE, VERSION, ROW_FORMAT, TABLE_ROWS, AVG_ROW_LENGTH,
  3.     DATA_LENGTH, MAX_DATA_LENGTH, INDEX_LENGTH, DATA_FREE, AUTO_INCREMENT,
  4.     CREATE_TIME, UPDATE_TIME, CHECK_TIME, TABLE_COLLATION, CHECKSUM,
  5.     CREATE_OPTIONS, TABLE_COMMENT
  6.   FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
  7.   WHERE table_schema = 'db_name'
  8.   [AND table_name LIKE 'wild']
  9.  
  10. SHOW TABLE STATUS
  11.   FROM db_name
  12.   [LIKE 'wild']

The following statements are equivalent:

  1. SELECT
  2.   TABLE_NAME, TABLE_TYPE
  3.   FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
  4.   WHERE table_schema = 'db_name'
  5.   [AND table_name LIKE 'wild']
  6.  
  7. SHOW FULL TABLES
  8.   FROM db_name
  9.   [LIKE 'wild']

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