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2.10.4 Securing the Initial MySQL Account
The MySQL installation process involves initializing the data
directory, including the mysql database
containing the grant tables that define MySQL accounts. For
details, see Section 2.10, “Postinstallation Setup and Testing”.
This section describes how to assign a password to the initial
root account created during the MySQL
installation procedure, if you have not already done so.
On Windows, you can also perform the process described in this section during installation with MySQL Installer (see Section 2.3.3, “MySQL Installer for Windows”). On all platforms, the MySQL distribution includes mysql_secure_installation, a command-line utility that automates much of the process of securing a MySQL installation. MySQL Workbench is available on all platforms, and also offers the ability to manage user accounts (see Chapter 31, MySQL Workbench ).
A password may already be assigned to the initial account under these circumstances:
On Windows, installations performed using MySQL Installer give you the option of assigning a password.
Installation using the macOS installer generates an initial random password, which the installer displays to the user in a dialog box.
Installation using RPM packages generates an initial random password, which is written to the server error log.
Installations using Debian packages give you the option of assigning a password.
For data directory initialization performed manually using mysqld --initialize, mysqld generates an initial random password, marks it expired, and writes it to the server error log. For details, see Section 2.10.1.1, “Initializing the Data Directory Manually Using mysqld”.
The mysql.user grant table defines the initial
MySQL user account and its access privileges. Installation of
MySQL creates only a 'root'@'localhost'
superuser account that has all privileges and can do anything. If
the root account has an empty password, your
MySQL installation is unprotected: Anyone can connect to the MySQL
server as root without a
password and be granted all privileges.
The 'root'@'localhost' account also has a row
in the mysql.proxies_priv table that enables
granting the PROXY privilege for
''@'', that is, for all users and all hosts.
This enables root to set up proxy users, as
well as to delegate to other accounts the authority to set up
proxy users. See Section 6.3.11, “Proxy Users”.
To assign a password for the initial MySQL root
account, use the following procedure. Replace
new_password in the examples with the
password that you want to use.
Start the server if it is not running. For instructions, see Section 2.10.2, “Starting the Server”.
The initial root account may or may not have a
password. Choose whichever of the following procedures applies:
If the
rootaccount exists with an initial random password that has been expired, connect to the server asrootusing that password, then choose a new password. This is the case if the data directory was initialized using mysqld --initialize, either manually or using an installer that does not give you the option of specifying a password during the install operation. Because the password exists, you must use it to connect to the server. But because the password is expired, you cannot use the account for any purpose other than to choose a new password, until you do choose one.If you do not know the initial random password, look in the server error log.
Connect to the server as
rootusing the password:shell> mysql -u root -p Enter password: (enter the random root password here)Choose a new password to replace the random password:
If the
rootaccount exists but has no password, connect to the server asrootusing no password, then assign a password. This is the case if you initialized the data directory using mysqld --initialize-insecure.
After assigning the root account a password,
you must supply that password whenever you connect to the server
using the account. For example, to connect to the server using the
mysql client, use this command:
shell> mysql -u root -p
Enter password: (enter root password here)To shut down the server with mysqladmin, use this command:
For additional information about setting passwords, see
Section 6.3.7, “Assigning Account Passwords”. If you forget your
root password after setting it, see
Section B.6.3.2, “How to Reset the Root Password”.
To set up additional accounts, see Section 6.3.2, “Adding User Accounts”.
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Document créé le 26/06/2006, dernière modification le 26/10/2018
Source du document imprimé : https://www.gaudry.be/mysql-rf-default-privileges.html
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