usort
(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7)
usort — Sort an array by values using a user-defined comparison function
Description
This function will sort an array by its values using a user-supplied comparison function. If the array you wish to sort needs to be sorted by some non-trivial criteria, you should use this function.
Note:
If two members compare as equal, their relative order in the sorted array is undefined.
Note: This function assigns new keys to the elements in
array. It will remove any existing keys that may have been assigned, rather than just reordering the keys.
Parameters
-
array -
The input array.
-
value_compare_func -
The comparison function must return an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if the first argument is considered to be respectively less than, equal to, or greater than the second. Note that before PHP 7.0.0 this integer had to be in the range from -2147483648 to 2147483647.
Examples
Example #1 usort() example
<?php
function cmp($a, $b)
{
if ($a == $b) {
return 0;
}
return ($a < $b) ? -1 : 1;
}
$a = array(3, 2, 5, 6, 1);
usort($a, "cmp");
foreach ($a as $key => $value) {
echo "$key: $value\n";
}
?>
The above example will output:
0: 1 1: 2 2: 3 3: 5 4: 6
Note:
Obviously in this trivial case the sort() function would be more appropriate.
Example #2 usort() example using multi-dimensional array
<?php
function cmp($a, $b)
{
return strcmp($a["fruit"], $b["fruit"]);
}
$fruits[0]["fruit"] = "lemons";
$fruits[1]["fruit"] = "apples";
$fruits[2]["fruit"] = "grapes";
usort($fruits, "cmp");
while (list($key, $value) = each($fruits)) {
echo "\$fruits[$key]: " . $value["fruit"] . "\n";
}
?>
When sorting a multi-dimensional array, $a and $b contain references to the first index of the array.
The above example will output:
$fruits[0]: apples $fruits[1]: grapes $fruits[2]: lemons
Example #3 usort() example using a member function of an object
<?php
class TestObj {
var $name;
function TestObj($name)
{
$this->name = $name;
}
/* This is the static comparing function: */
static function cmp_obj($a, $b)
{
$al = strtolower($a->name);
$bl = strtolower($b->name);
if ($al == $bl) {
return 0;
}
return ($al > $bl) ? +1 : -1;
}
}
$a[] = new TestObj("c");
$a[] = new TestObj("b");
$a[] = new TestObj("d");
usort($a, array("TestObj", "cmp_obj"));
foreach ($a as $item) {
echo $item->name . "\n";
}
?>
The above example will output:
b c d
Example #4 usort() example using a closure to sort a multi-dimensional array
<?php
$array[0] = array('key_a' => 'z', 'key_b' => 'c');
$array[1] = array('key_a' => 'x', 'key_b' => 'b');
$array[2] = array('key_a' => 'y', 'key_b' => 'a');
function build_sorter($key) {
return function ($a, $b) use ($key) {
return strnatcmp($a[$key], $b[$key]);
};
}
usort($array, build_sorter('key_b'));
foreach ($array as $item) {
echo $item['key_a'] . ', ' . $item['key_b'] . "\n";
}
?>
The above example will output:
y, a x, b z, c
See Also
- uasort() - Sort an array with a user-defined comparison function and maintain index association
- The comparison of array sorting functions
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Document created the 30/01/2003, last modified the 26/10/2018
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References
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