Rechercher une fonction PHP

Overloading

Overloading in PHP provides means to dynamically create properties and methods. These dynamic entities are processed via magic methods one can establish in a class for various action types.

The overloading methods are invoked when interacting with properties or methods that have not been declared or are not visible in the current scope. The rest of this section will use the terms inaccessible properties and inaccessible methods to refer to this combination of declaration and visibility.

All overloading methods must be defined as public.

Note:

None of the arguments of these magic methods can be passed by reference.

Note:

PHP's interpretation of overloading is different than most object oriented languages. Overloading traditionally provides the ability to have multiple methods with the same name but different quantities and types of arguments.

Changelog

Version Description
5.3.0 Added __callStatic(). Added warning to enforce public visibility and non-static declaration.
5.1.0 Added __isset() and __unset(). Added support for __get() for overloading of private properties.
5.0.0 Added __get().

PHP: Overloading - Manual Home of Manuel PHP  Contents Haut

Property overloading

public __set ( string $name , mixed $value ) : void
public __get ( string $name ) : mixed
public __isset ( string $name ) : bool
public __unset ( string $name ) : void

__set() is run when writing data to inaccessible (protected or private) or non-existing properties.

__get() is utilized for reading data from inaccessible (protected or private) or non-existing properties.

__isset() is triggered by calling isset() or empty() on inaccessible (protected or private) or non-existing properties.

__unset() is invoked when unset() is used on inaccessible (protected or private) or non-existing properties.

The $name argument is the name of the property being interacted with. The __set() method's $value argument specifies the value the $name'ed property should be set to.

Property overloading only works in object context. These magic methods will not be triggered in static context. Therefore these methods should not be declared static. As of PHP 5.3.0, a warning is issued if one of the magic overloading methods is declared static.

Note:

The return value of __set() is ignored because of the way PHP processes the assignment operator. Similarly, __get() is never called when chaining assignments together like this:

 $a = $obj->b = 8; 

Example #1 Overloading properties via the __get(), __set(), __isset() and __unset() methods

<?php
class PropertyTest
{
    
/**  Location for overloaded data.  */
    
private $data = array();

    
/**  Overloading not used on declared properties.  */
    
public $declared 1;

    
/**  Overloading only used on this when accessed outside the class.  */
    
private $hidden 2;

    public function 
__set($name$value)
    {
        echo 
"Setting '$name' to '$value'\n";
        
$this->data[$name] = $value;
    }

    public function 
__get($name)
    {
        echo 
"Getting '$name'\n";
        if (
array_key_exists($name$this->data)) {
            return 
$this->data[$name];
        }

        
$trace debug_backtrace();
        
trigger_error(
            
'Undefined property via __get(): ' $name .
            
' in ' $trace[0]['file'] .
            
' on line ' $trace[0]['line'],
            
E_USER_NOTICE);
        return 
null;
    }

    
/**  As of PHP 5.1.0  */
    
public function __isset($name)
    {
        echo 
"Is '$name' set?\n";
        return isset(
$this->data[$name]);
    }

    
/**  As of PHP 5.1.0  */
    
public function __unset($name)
    {
        echo 
"Unsetting '$name'\n";
        unset(
$this->data[$name]);
    }

    
/**  Not a magic method, just here for example.  */
    
public function getHidden()
    {
        return 
$this->hidden;
    }
}


echo 
"<pre>\n";

$obj = new PropertyTest;

$obj->1;
echo 
$obj->"\n\n";

var_dump(isset($obj->a));
unset(
$obj->a);
var_dump(isset($obj->a));
echo 
"\n";

echo 
$obj->declared "\n\n";

echo 
"Let's experiment with the private property named 'hidden':\n";
echo 
"Privates are visible inside the class, so __get() not used...\n";
echo 
$obj->getHidden() . "\n";
echo 
"Privates not visible outside of class, so __get() is used...\n";
echo 
$obj->hidden "\n";
?>

The above example will output:

Setting 'a' to '1'
Getting 'a'
1

Is 'a' set?
bool(true)
Unsetting 'a'
Is 'a' set?
bool(false)

1

Let's experiment with the private property named 'hidden':
Privates are visible inside the class, so __get() not used...
2
Privates not visible outside of class, so __get() is used...
Getting 'hidden'


Notice:  Undefined property via __get(): hidden in <file> on line 70 in <file> on line 29

PHP: Overloading - Manual Home of Manuel PHP  Contents Haut

Method overloading

public __call ( string $name , array $arguments ) : mixed
public static __callStatic ( string $name , array $arguments ) : mixed

__call() is triggered when invoking inaccessible methods in an object context.

__callStatic() is triggered when invoking inaccessible methods in a static context.

The $name argument is the name of the method being called. The $arguments argument is an enumerated array containing the parameters passed to the $name'ed method.

Example #2 Overloading methods via the __call() and __callStatic() methods

<?php
class MethodTest
{
    public function 
__call($name$arguments)
    {
        
// Note: value of $name is case sensitive.
        
echo "Calling object method '$name' "
             
implode(', '$arguments). "\n";
    }

    
/**  As of PHP 5.3.0  */
    
public static function __callStatic($name$arguments)
    {
        
// Note: value of $name is case sensitive.
        
echo "Calling static method '$name' "
             
implode(', '$arguments). "\n";
    }
}

$obj = new MethodTest;
$obj->runTest('in object context');

MethodTest::runTest('in static context');  // As of PHP 5.3.0
?>

The above example will output:

Calling object method 'runTest' in object context
Calling static method 'runTest' in static context
Find a PHP function

English translation

You have asked to visit this site in English. For now, only the interface is translated, but not all the content yet.

If you want to help me in translations, your contribution is welcome. All you need to do is register on the site, and send me a message asking me to add you to the group of translators, which will give you the opportunity to translate the pages you want. A link at the bottom of each translated page indicates that you are the translator, and has a link to your profile.

Thank you in advance.

Document created the 30/01/2003, last modified the 26/10/2018
Source of the printed document:https://www.gaudry.be/en/php-rf-language.oop5.overloading.html

The infobrol is a personal site whose content is my sole responsibility. The text is available under CreativeCommons license (BY-NC-SA). More info on the terms of use and the author.

References

  1. View the html document Language of the document:fr Manuel PHP : http://php.net

These references and links indicate documents consulted during the writing of this page, or which may provide additional information, but the authors of these sources can not be held responsible for the content of this page.
The author This site is solely responsible for the way in which the various concepts, and the freedoms that are taken with the reference works, are presented here. Remember that you must cross multiple source information to reduce the risk of errors.

Contents Haut