18.5.1 Group Replication IP Address Whitelisting

The Group Replication plugin has a configuration option to determine from which hosts an incoming Group Communication System connection can be accepted. This option is called group_replication_ip_whitelist. If you set this option on a server s1, then when server s2 is establishing a connection to s1 for the purpose of engaging group communication, s1 first checks the whitelist before accepting the connection from s2. If s2 is in the whitelist, then s1 accepts the connection, otherwise s1 rejects the connection attempt by s2.

If you do not specify a whitelist explicitly, the group communication engine (XCom) automatically scans active interfaces on the host, and identifies those with addresses on private subnetworks. These addresses and the localhost IP address for IPv4 and (from MySQL 8.0.14) IPv6 are used to create an automatic Group Replication whitelist. The automatic whitelist therefore includes any IP addresses found for the host in the following ranges:

IPv4 (as defined in RFC 1918)
10/8 prefix       (10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255) - Class A 
172.16/12 prefix  (172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255) - Class B
192.168/16 prefix (192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255) - Class C

IPv6 (as defined in RFC 4193 and RFC 5156)
fc00:/7 prefix    - unique-local addresses
fe80::/10 prefix  - link-local unicast addresses

127.0.0.1 - localhost for IPv4
::1       - localhost for IPv6

An entry is added to the error log stating the addresses that have been whitelisted automatically for the host.

The automatic whitelist of private addresses cannot be used for connections from servers outside the private network, so a server, even if it has interfaces on public IPs, does not by default allow Group Replication connections from external hosts. For Group Replication connections between server instances that are on different machines, you must provide public IP addresses and specify these as an explicit whitelist. If you specify any entries for the whitelist, the private and localhost addresses are not added automatically, so if you use any of these, you must specify them explicitly.

To specify a whitelist manually, use the group_replication_ip_whitelist option. You cannot change the whitelist on a server while it is an active member of a replication group. If the member is active, you must issue a STOP GROUP_REPLICATION statement before changing the whitelist, and a START GROUP_REPLICATION statement afterwards.

In the whitelist, you can specify any combination of the following:

Before MySQL 8.0.14, host names could only resolve to IPv4 addresses. From MySQL 8.0.14, host names can resolve to IPv4 addresses, IPv6 addresses, or both. If a host name resolves to both an IPv4 and an IPv6 address, the IPv4 address is always used for Group Replication connections. You can use CIDR notation in combination with host names or IP addresses to whitelist a block of IP addresses with a particular network prefix, but do ensure that all the IP addresses in the specified subnet are under your control.

You must stop and restart Group Replication on a member in order to change its whitelist. A comma must separate each entry in the whitelist. For example:

The whitelist must contain the IP address or host name that is specified in each member's group_replication_local_address system variable. This address is not the same as the MySQL server SQL protocol host and port, and is not specified in the bind_address system variable for the server instance. If a host name used as the Group Replication local address for a server instance resolves to both an IPv4 and an IPv6 address, the IPv4 address is preferred for Group Replication connections.

To join a replication group, a server needs to be whitelisted on the seed member to which it makes the request to join the group. Typically, this would be the bootstrap member for the replication group, but it can be any of the servers listed by the group_replication_group_seeds option in the configuration for the server joining the group. If any of the seed members for the group are listed in the group_replication_group_seeds option with an IPv6 address when a joining member has an IPv4 group_replication_local_address, or the reverse, you must also set up and whitelist an alternative address for the joining member for the protocol offered by the seed member (or a host name that resolves to an address for that protocol). This is because when a server joins a replication group, it must make the initial contact with the seed member using the protocol that the seed member advertises in the group_replication_group_seeds option, whether that is IPv4 or IPv6. If a joining member does not have a whitelisted address for the appropriate protocol, its connection attempt is refused. For more information on managing mixed IPv4 and IPv6 replication groups, see Section 18.4.5, “Support For IPv6 And For Mixed IPv6 And IPv4 Groups”.

When a replication group is reconfigured (for example, when a new primary is elected or a member joins or leaves), the group members re-establish connections between themselves. If a group member is only whitelisted by servers that are no longer part of the replication group after the reconfiguration, it is unable to reconnect to the remaining servers in the replication group that do not whitelist it. To avoid this scenario entirely, specify the same whitelist for all servers that are members of the replication group.

For host names, name resolution takes place only when a connection request is made by another server. A host name that cannot be resolved is not considered for whitelist validation, and a warning message is written to the error log. Forward-confirmed reverse DNS (FCrDNS) verification is carried out for resolved host names.