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Chapter 28 Connectors and APIs

Table of Contents     [+/-]

28.1 MySQL Connector/C
28.2 MySQL Connector/C++
28.3 MySQL Connector/J
28.4 MySQL Connector/NET
28.5 MySQL Connector/ODBC
28.6 MySQL Connector/Python
28.7 MySQL C API     [+/-]
28.7.1 MySQL C API Implementations
28.7.2 Simultaneous MySQL Server and Connector/C Installations
28.7.3 Example C API Client Programs
28.7.4 Building and Running C API Client Programs
28.7.5 C API Data Structures
28.7.6 C API Function Overview
28.7.7 C API Function Descriptions
28.7.8 C API Prepared Statements
28.7.9 C API Prepared Statement Data Structures
28.7.10 C API Prepared Statement Function Overview
28.7.11 C API Prepared Statement Function Descriptions
28.7.12 C API Asynchronous Interface
28.7.13 C API Asynchronous Interface Data Structures
28.7.14 C API Asynchronous Function Overview
28.7.15 C API Asynchronous Function Descriptions
28.7.16 C API Threaded Function Descriptions
28.7.17 C API Client Plugin Functions
28.7.18 C API Binary Log Interface
28.7.19 C API Binary Log Data Structures
28.7.20 C API Binary Log Function Overview
28.7.21 C API Binary Log Function Descriptions
28.7.22 C API Encrypted Connection Support
28.7.23 C API Multiple Statement Execution Support
28.7.24 C API Prepared Statement Handling of Date and Time Values
28.7.25 C API Prepared CALL Statement Support
28.7.26 C API Prepared Statement Problems
28.7.27 C API Optional Result Set Metadata
28.7.28 C API Automatic Reconnection Control
28.7.29 C API Common Issues
28.8 MySQL PHP API
28.9 MySQL Perl API
28.10 MySQL Python API
28.11 MySQL Ruby APIs     [+/-]
28.11.1 The MySQL/Ruby API
28.11.2 The Ruby/MySQL API
28.12 MySQL Tcl API
28.13 MySQL Eiffel Wrapper

MySQL Connectors provide connectivity to the MySQL server for client programs. APIs provide low-level access to the MySQL protocol and MySQL resources. Both Connectors and the APIs enable you to connect and execute MySQL statements from another language or environment, including ODBC, Java (JDBC), Perl, Python, PHP, Ruby, and native C MySQL instances.

MySQL Connectors

Oracle develops a number of connectors:

  • Connector/C is a standalone replacement for the MySQL Client Library (libmysqlclient), to be used for C applications.

  • Connector/C++ enables C++ applications to connect to MySQL.

  • Connector/J provides driver support for connecting to MySQL from Java applications using the standard Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) API.

  • Connector/NET enables developers to create .NET applications that connect to MySQL. Connector/NET implements a fully functional ADO.NET interface and provides support for use with ADO.NET aware tools. Applications that use Connector/NET can be written in any supported .NET language.

    MySQL for Visual Studio works with Connector/NET and Microsoft Visual Studio 2012, 2013, 2015, and 2017. MySQL for Visual Studio provides access to MySQL objects and data from Visual Studio. As a Visual Studio package, it integrates directly into Server Explorer providing the ability to create new connections and work with MySQL database objects.

  • Connector/ODBC provides driver support for connecting to MySQL using the Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) API. Support is available for ODBC connectivity from Windows, Unix, and OS X platforms.

  • Connector/Python provides driver support for connecting to MySQL from Python applications using an API that is compliant with the Python DB API version 2.0. No additional Python modules or MySQL client libraries are required.

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The MySQL C API

For direct access to using MySQL natively within a C application, the C API provides low-level access to the MySQL client/server protocol through the libmysqlclient client library. This is the primary method used to connect to an instance of the MySQL server, and is used both by MySQL command-line clients and many of the MySQL Connectors and third-party APIs detailed here.

libmysqlclient is included in MySQL distributions and in Connector/C distributions.

See also Section 28.7.1, “MySQL C API Implementations”.

To access MySQL from a C application, or to build an interface to MySQL for a language not supported by the Connectors or APIs in this chapter, the C API is where to start. A number of programmer's utilities are available to help with the process; see Section 4.7, “MySQL Program Development Utilities”.

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Third-Party MySQL APIs

The remaining APIs described in this chapter provide an interface to MySQL from specific application languages. These third-party solutions are not developed or supported by Oracle. Basic information on their usage and abilities is provided here for reference purposes only.

All the third-party language APIs are developed using one of two methods, using libmysqlclient or by implementing a native driver. The two solutions offer different benefits:

  • Using libmysqlclient offers complete compatibility with MySQL because it uses the same libraries as the MySQL client applications. However, the feature set is limited to the implementation and interfaces exposed through libmysqlclient and the performance may be lower as data is copied between the native language, and the MySQL API components.

  • Native drivers are an implementation of the MySQL network protocol entirely within the host language or environment. Native drivers are fast, as there is less copying of data between components, and they can offer advanced functionality not available through the standard MySQL API. Native drivers are also easier for end users to build and deploy because no copy of the MySQL client libraries is needed to build the native driver components.

Table 28.1, “MySQL APIs and Interfaces” lists many of the libraries and interfaces available for MySQL.

Table 28.1 MySQL APIs and Interfaces

Environment API Type Notes
Ada GNU Ada MySQL Bindings libmysqlclient See MySQL Bindings for GNU Ada
C C API libmysqlclient See Section 28.7, “MySQL C API”.
C Connector/C Replacement for libmysqlclient See MySQL Connector/C Developer Guide.
C++ Connector/C++ libmysqlclient See MySQL Connector/C++ 8.0 Developer Guide.
MySQL++ libmysqlclient See MySQL++ website.
MySQL wrapped libmysqlclient See MySQL wrapped.
Cocoa MySQL-Cocoa libmysqlclient Compatible with the Objective-C Cocoa environment. See http://mysql-cocoa.sourceforge.net/
D MySQL for D libmysqlclient See MySQL for D.
Eiffel Eiffel MySQL libmysqlclient See Section 28.13, “MySQL Eiffel Wrapper”.
Erlang erlang-mysql-driver libmysqlclient See erlang-mysql-driver.
Haskell Haskell MySQL Bindings Native Driver See Brian O'Sullivan's pure Haskell MySQL bindings.
hsql-mysql libmysqlclient See MySQL driver for Haskell.
Java/JDBC Connector/J Native Driver See MySQL Connector/J 5.1 Developer Guide.
Kaya MyDB libmysqlclient See MyDB.
Lua LuaSQL libmysqlclient See LuaSQL.
.NET/Mono Connector/NET Native Driver See MySQL Connector/NET Developer Guide.
Objective Caml OBjective Caml MySQL Bindings libmysqlclient See MySQL Bindings for Objective Caml.
Octave Database bindings for GNU Octave libmysqlclient See Database bindings for GNU Octave.
ODBC Connector/ODBC libmysqlclient See MySQL Connector/ODBC Developer Guide.
Perl DBI/DBD::mysql libmysqlclient See Section 28.9, “MySQL Perl API”.
Net::MySQL Native Driver See Net::MySQL at CPAN
PHP mysql, ext/mysql interface (deprecated) libmysqlclient See Original MySQL API.
mysqli, ext/mysqli interface libmysqlclient See MySQL Improved Extension.
PDO_MYSQL libmysqlclient See MySQL Functions (PDO_MYSQL).
PDO mysqlnd Native Driver
Python Connector/Python Native Driver See MySQL Connector/Python Developer Guide.
Python Connector/Python C Extension libmysqlclient See MySQL Connector/Python Developer Guide.
MySQLdb libmysqlclient See Section 28.10, “MySQL Python API”.
Ruby MySQL/Ruby libmysqlclient Uses libmysqlclient. See Section 28.11.1, “The MySQL/Ruby API”.
Ruby/MySQL Native Driver See Section 28.11.2, “The Ruby/MySQL API”.
Scheme Myscsh libmysqlclient See Myscsh.
SPL sql_mysql libmysqlclient See sql_mysql for SPL.
Tcl MySQLtcl libmysqlclient See Section 28.12, “MySQL Tcl API”.


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